Asynchronous mai mataki ukumotawani nau'in induction motor ne wanda aka kunna ta lokaci guda yana haɗa 380V AC halin yanzu mai hawa uku (bambancin lokaci na digiri 120). Saboda gaskiyar cewa na'ura mai juyi da kuma stator mai jujjuya filin maganadisu na injin asynchronous mai hawa uku suna jujjuya su a wuri guda kuma a cikin gudu daban-daban, ana samun saurin zamewa, don haka ana kiran shi motar asynchronous mai hawa uku.
Gudun na'ura mai jujjuyawa na injin asynchronous mai hawa uku ya yi ƙasa da saurin filin maganadisu mai juyawa. Rotor winding yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu saboda motsin dangi tare da filin maganadisu, kuma yana hulɗa tare da filin maganadisu don samar da karfin wutar lantarki, samun canjin makamashi.
Idan aka kwatanta da asynchronous lokaci-ɗayamotoci, asynchronous mai mataki ukumotocisuna da mafi kyawun aikin aiki kuma suna iya adana kayan daban-daban.
Dangane da tsarin rotor daban-daban, ana iya raba motocin asynchronous guda uku zuwa nau'in keji da nau'in rauni.
Motar asynchronous tare da rotor keji yana da tsari mai sauƙi, ingantaccen aiki, nauyi mai sauƙi, da ƙarancin farashi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai. Babban koma bayansa shine wahalar sarrafa saurin.
Na'ura mai juyi da stator na rauni mai hawa uku asynchronous mota suma an sanye su da iska mai hawa uku kuma an haɗa su da rheostat na waje ta zoben zamewa, goge. Daidaita juriya na rheostat zai iya inganta aikin farawa na motar kuma daidaita saurin motar.
Ka'idar aiki na injin asynchronous mai hawa uku
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da madauwari mai jujjuyawar lokaci uku zuwa iska mai hawa uku, ana samar da filin maganadisu mai jujjuyawar agogo wanda ke juyawa kusa da agogo tare da sararin madauwari na ciki na stator da rotor a saurin n1.
Tun da filin maganadisu mai jujjuya yana jujjuyawa a saurin n1, mai sarrafa rotor yana tsaye a farkon, don haka jagoran rotor zai yanke stator mai jujjuya filin maganadisu don samar da ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo (alaliyyar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka haifar yana ƙaddara ta hannun dama. mulki).
Saboda gajeriyar kewayawar na'ura mai juyi a ƙarshen biyu ta hanyar ɗan gajeren zobe, ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo, mai sarrafa na'ura zai haifar da halin yanzu wanda ya kasance a cikin hanya ɗaya da ƙarfin lantarki da aka jawo. Mai sarrafa na'ura na yanzu na rotor yana ƙarƙashin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin filin magnetic stator (an ƙayyade jagorancin ƙarfin ta amfani da dokar hannun hagu). Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana haifar da jujjuyawar wutar lantarki akan rotor shaft, yana tuƙi na'ura mai jujjuya don jujjuya zuwa ga jujjuyawar filin maganadisu.
Ta hanyar binciken da ke sama, ana iya ƙarasa da cewa ka'idar aiki na injin lantarki shine kamar haka: lokacin da iskar gas mai hawa uku na motar (kowane tare da bambance-bambancen kusurwar lantarki na digiri 120) ana ciyar da shi tare da canza yanayin halin yanzu na lokaci uku. , An samar da filin maganadisu mai jujjuya, wanda ke yanke iska mai jujjuyawa kuma yana haifar da induced halin yanzu a cikin iska mai jujjuyawar (rotor winding shine rufaffiyar da'ira). Mai sarrafa na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi na yanzu zai haifar da ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarƙashin aikin stator mai jujjuya filin maganadisu, Don haka, ana samun ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kan mashin ɗin, yana motsa motar don jujjuya ta daidai da filin maganadisu mai juyawa.
Hotunan wayoyi na injin asynchronous mataki uku
Asalin wayoyi na injinan asynchronous mataki uku:
Za a iya raba wayoyi shida daga jujjuyawar injin asynchronous mataki uku zuwa manyan hanyoyin haɗin kai guda biyu: haɗin delta da haɗin tauraro.
Wayoyi shida= windings uku = kai uku ya kare+ wutsiya uku, tare da multimeter mai auna alakar da ke tsakanin kai da iyakar wutsiya na iska daya, watau U1-U2, V1-V2, W1-W2.
1. Hanyar haɗin triangle delta don injinan asynchronous mataki uku
Hanyar haɗin triangle delta ita ce haɗa kai da wutsiyoyi na iska guda uku a jere don samar da triangle, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi:
2. Hanyar haɗin tauraro don injinan asynchronous mataki uku
Hanyar haɗin tauraro ita ce haɗa wutsiya ko kai na iska guda uku, kuma sauran wayoyi uku ana amfani da su azaman haɗin wutar lantarki. Hanyar haɗi kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi:
Bayanin Hoton Waya na Motar Asynchronous Mataki na Uku a Hoto da Rubutu
Akwatin mahaɗar motsi na zamani uku
Lokacin da aka haɗa motar asynchronous mai kashi uku, hanyar haɗin haɗin yanki a cikin akwatin junction shine kamar haka:
Lokacin da aka haɗa kusurwar asynchronous mai hawa uku, hanyar haɗin haɗin haɗin akwatin junction shine kamar haka:
Akwai hanyoyin haɗin kai guda biyu don injinan asynchronous mai kashi uku: haɗin tauraro da haɗin triangle.
Hanyar triangulation
A cikin jujjuyawar juzu'i masu irin ƙarfin lantarki da diamita na waya, hanyar haɗin tauraro yana da ƙarancin juyi sau uku a kowane lokaci (sau 1.732) kuma sau uku ƙasa da ƙarfi fiye da hanyar haɗin triangle. Hanyar haɗi na ƙãrewar mota an gyara shi don tsayayya da ƙarfin lantarki na 380V kuma gabaɗaya bai dace da gyare-gyare ba.
Ana iya canza hanyar haɗin kai kawai lokacin da matakin ƙarfin lantarki mai matakai uku ya bambanta da na 380V na al'ada. Misali, lokacin da matakin ƙarfin lantarki na matakai uku ya kasance 220V, canza hanyar haɗin taurari na ainihin ƙarfin lantarki mai matakai uku na 380V zuwa hanyar haɗin triangle na iya aiki; Lokacin da matakin ƙarfin lantarki mai kashi uku ya kasance 660V, ana iya canza ainihin hanyar haɗin wutar lantarki mai kashi uku na 380V zuwa hanyar haɗin tauraro, kuma ƙarfinsa ya kasance baya canzawa. Gabaɗaya, injinan ƙaramar wutar lantarki suna haɗa tauraro, yayin da manyan injina ke haɗa Delta.
A ƙididdige ƙarfin lantarki, ya kamata a yi amfani da motar da aka haɗa delta. Idan an canza shi zuwa motar da aka haɗa tauraro, yana cikin aikin rage ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke haifar da raguwar wutar lantarki da farawa na yanzu. Lokacin fara motar mai ƙarfi (hanyar haɗin delta), halin yanzu yana da girma sosai. Domin rage tasirin tasirin halin yanzu akan layi, farawa daga mataki gabaɗaya ana ɗauka. Hanya ɗaya ita ce canza ainihin hanyar haɗin delta zuwa hanyar haɗin tauraro don farawa. Bayan an fara hanyar haɗin tauraro, ana mayar da shi zuwa hanyar haɗin delta don aiki.
Hotunan wayoyi na injin asynchronous mataki uku
Zane-zane na zahiri na layi na gaba da baya don injunan asynchronous mataki uku:
Don cimma gaba da baya sarrafa motar, kowane nau'i biyu na samar da wutar lantarki za a iya daidaita shi dangane da juna (muna kiransa commutation). Yawancin lokaci, lokaci na V ya kasance baya canzawa, kuma lokaci na U da W ana daidaita su dangane da juna. Domin tabbatar da cewa za'a iya musayar tsarin lokaci na motar a dogara lokacin da masu hulɗa biyu suka yi aiki, saitin ya kamata ya kasance daidai a babban tashar jiragen ruwa na lamba, kuma lokaci ya kamata a daidaita shi a ƙananan tashar jiragen ruwa na contactor. Saboda musanya tsarin lokaci na matakai biyu, ya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya kunna coils na KM guda biyu a lokaci guda ba, in ba haka ba za a iya samun kuskuren da'ira mai tsanani zuwa lokaci. Don haka, dole ne a karɓi haɗin kai.
Don dalilai na aminci, ana amfani da maɓalli biyu na gaba da juyawa na sarrafawa tare da maɓallin maɓalli (na'urar injiniya) da kuma haɗin sadarwa (lantarki) sau da yawa; Ta amfani da makullin maɓalli, ko da ana danna maɓallan gaba da baya a lokaci guda, masu tuntuɓar biyu da aka yi amfani da su don daidaitawa lokaci guda ba za a iya kunna su a lokaci guda ba, ta hanyar gujewa lokaci zuwa gajerun da'irori.
Bugu da kari, saboda cudanya da masu tuntubar da aka yi amfani da su, muddin aka kunna daya daga cikin masu tuntuɓar, to ba za ta rufe dogon lokaci ba. Ta wannan hanyar, a cikin aikace-aikacen injina da na lantarki dual interlocking, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na motar ba zai iya samun lokaci zuwa lokaci gajerun da'irori ba, yadda ya kamata kare motar da kuma guje wa hatsarori da ke haifar da lokaci zuwa lokaci gajeriyar da'irori yayin daidaita yanayin lokaci, wanda zai iya ƙonewa. lamba.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-07-2023
