Tsarin tsari da ƙirar motar lantarki zalla ya bambanta da na al'adar abin hawa na ciki na konewa. Har ila yau, wani hadadden tsarin injiniya ne. Yana buƙatar haɗa fasahar baturi mai ƙarfi, fasahar tuƙin mota, fasahar kera motoci da ka'idar sarrafawa ta zamani don cimma ingantaccen tsarin sarrafawa. A cikin shirin ci gaba na kimiyya da fasaha na motocin lantarki, kasar ta ci gaba da bin tsarin R&D na "tsaye uku a tsaye da uku a kwance", kuma ta kara ba da haske kan bincike kan fasahohin mabuɗin gama gari na "a kwance uku" bisa ga dabarun canjin fasaha na “Tsaftataccen wutar lantarki”, wato, bincike kan injin tuƙi da tsarin sarrafa shi, batir ɗin wuta da tsarin sarrafa shi, da tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki. Kowane babban masana'anta yana tsara dabarun haɓaka kasuwancinsa gwargwadon dabarun ci gaban ƙasa.
Marubucin ya tsara mahimman fasahohi a cikin tsarin ci gaba na sabon makamashin makamashi, yana ba da tushen ka'idar da tunani don ƙira, gwaji, da samar da wutar lantarki. An raba shirin zuwa babi uku don yin nazari kan mahimman fasahohin tukin wutar lantarki a cikin wutar lantarkin motocin lantarki masu tsafta. A yau, za mu fara gabatar da ka'ida da rarrabuwa na fasahar tuƙi ta lantarki.
Hoto 1 Maɓalli na Haɗin kai a Ci gaban Powertrain
A halin yanzu, ainihin mahimman fasahohin na tsantsar wutar lantarkin motar lantarki sun haɗa da nau'ikan nau'ikan guda huɗu masu zuwa:
Hoto 2 Mabuɗin Mabuɗin Fasaha na Powertrain
Ma'anar Tsarin Motar Tuƙi
Dangane da matsayin batirin wutar lantarki da abin da ake buƙata na ƙarfin abin hawa, yana canza ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta na'urar samar da wutar lantarki a cikin jirgi zuwa makamashin injina, kuma makamashin yana ɗaukar shi zuwa ƙafafun tuƙi ta na'urar watsawa, da sassa. makamashin injin abin hawa yana juyawa zuwa makamashin lantarki kuma ana mayar da shi cikin na'urar ajiyar makamashi lokacin da abin hawa ya taka birki. Tsarin tuƙi na lantarki ya haɗa da motar motsa jiki, injin watsawa, mai sarrafa motar da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. A zane na fasaha sigogi na lantarki makamashi tuki tsarin yafi hada da wuta, karfin juyi, gudun, ƙarfin lantarki, watsa rabo na ragewa, samar da wutar lantarki capacitance, fitarwa ikon, irin ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, da dai sauransu.
1) Mai sarrafa motoci
Har ila yau ana kiransa inverter, yana canza shigarwar halin yanzu kai tsaye ta fakitin baturin wuta zuwa madaidaicin halin yanzu. Abubuwan da ake buƙata:
◎ IGBT: Canjin wutar lantarki, ka'ida: ta hanyar mai sarrafawa, sarrafa hannun gada na IGBT don rufe wani takamaiman mita da maɓalli don samar da canjin yanayi uku. Ta hanyar sarrafa wutar lantarki don rufewa, za'a iya canza canjin wutar lantarki. Sannan ana samar da wutar lantarki ta AC ta hanyar sarrafa zagayowar aikin.
◎ karfin fim: aikin tacewa; firikwensin halin yanzu: gano halin yanzu na iska mai hawa uku.
2) Sarrafa da kewayar tuki: allon sarrafa kwamfuta, tuki IGBT
Matsayin mai sarrafa motar shine canza DC zuwa AC, karɓar kowane sigina, da fitar da ƙarfin da ya dace. Mahimman abubuwan da aka haɗa: ikon wutar lantarki, capacitor na fim, firikwensin halin yanzu, da'ira mai sarrafawa don buɗe maɓalli daban-daban, samar da igiyoyi a cikin kwatance daban-daban, da samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa. Saboda haka, za mu iya raba sinusoidal alternating current zuwa rectangles. Yankin rectangles yana jujjuya shi zuwa wutar lantarki mai tsayi iri ɗaya. X-axis yana gane tsayin iko ta hanyar sarrafa zagayowar aiki, kuma a ƙarshe ya gane daidai juzu'i na yankin. Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya sarrafa wutar lantarki ta DC don rufe hannun gada na IGBT a wani takamaiman mita da sauyawa ta hanyar mai sarrafawa don samar da wutar AC mai hawa uku.
A halin yanzu, mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin keɓancewa suna dogara da shigo da kaya: capacitors, IGBT/MOSFET sauya tubes, DSP, kwakwalwan kwamfuta da haɗaɗɗun da'irori, waɗanda za'a iya samarwa da kansu amma suna da rauni: na'urori na musamman, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, masu haɗawa, waɗanda zasu iya zama. samar da kansa: samar da wutar lantarki, diodes, inductor, allunan kewayawa da yawa, wayoyi masu rufi, radiators.
3) Motoci: canza canjin lokaci uku zuwa injina
◎ Tsarin: murfin gaba da na baya, bawo, ramuka da bearings
◎ Magnetic circuit: stator core, rotor core
◎ Circuit: stator winding, rotor conductor
4) Na'urar watsawa
Akwatin gear ko mai ragewa yana canza fitarwar saurin juzu'i ta motar zuwa gudu da jujjuyawar da dukkan abin hawa ke buƙata.
Nau'in motar tuƙi
Motocin tuƙi sun kasu kashi huɗu kamar haka. A halin yanzu, injin shigar da AC da injunan maganadisu na dindindin sune nau'ikan sabbin motocin lantarki na yau da kullun. Don haka muna mai da hankali kan fasahar shigar da injin AC da injin maganadisu na dindindin.
| Motar DC | AC Induction Motor | Motar Daidaitawa ta Magnet | Motar Rashin son Canjawa | |
| Amfani | Ƙananan Kuɗi, Ƙananan bukatun Tsarin Sarrafa | Ƙananan farashi, Faɗin wutar lantarki, Ƙirƙirar fasahar sarrafawa, Babban aminci | Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi, Ƙarfin inganci, ƙananan girman | Tsarin Sauƙaƙe, Ƙananan buƙatun Tsarin Kulawa |
| Hasara | Babban buƙatun kulawa, Ƙarƙashin saurin gudu, ƙarancin ƙarfi, ɗan gajeren rayuwa | Karamin ingantaccen yanki Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi | Babban tsada Rashin dacewa da muhalli | Babban jujjuyawar jujjuyawar hayaniyar aiki |
| Aikace-aikace | Karamar ko ƙaramar motar lantarki mai ƙarancin sauri | Motocin Kasuwancin Lantarki da Motocin Fasinja | Motocin Kasuwancin Lantarki da Motocin Fasinja | Motar Cakuda-Karko |
1) AC Induction Motar Asynchronous
Ka'idar aiki ta AC inductive asynchronous motor ita ce iska za ta ratsa ta ramin stator da na'ura mai juyi: an ɗora shi da zanen ƙarfe na bakin ciki tare da babban ƙarfin maganadisu. Wutar lantarki mai kashi uku za ta ratsa ta cikin iska. A bisa ka'idar shigar da wutar lantarki ta Faraday, za a samar da filin maganadisu mai jujjuyawa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa rotor ke juyawa. An haɗa coils uku na stator a tazarar digiri 120, kuma mai ɗaukar hoto na yanzu yana haifar da filayen maganadisu a kusa da su. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki mai matakai uku zuwa wannan tsari na musamman, filayen maganadisu za su canza ta hanyoyi daban-daban tare da canjin canjin halin yanzu a wani takamaiman lokaci, suna samar da filin maganadisu tare da jujjuyawar iri ɗaya. Gudun jujjuyawar filin maganadisu ana kiransa saurin aiki tare. A ce an sanya rufaffiyar madugu a ciki, bisa ga dokar Faraday, saboda filin maganadisu yana canzawa, Madauki zai fahimci ƙarfin lantarki, wanda zai haifar da halin yanzu a cikin madauki. Wannan yanayin yana kama da madauki na yanzu a cikin filin maganadisu, yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki akan madauki, kuma Huan Jiang ya fara juyawa. Yin amfani da wani abu mai kama da cage na squirrel, mai canzawa na zamani na uku zai samar da filin maganadisu mai jujjuyawa ta hanyar stator, kuma za a jawo halin yanzu a cikin maƙallan cage na squirrel wanda aka gajarta ta ƙarshen zobe, don haka rotor ya fara juyawa, wanda shine. dalilin da yasa ake kiran motar induction motor. Tare da taimakon shigar da wutar lantarki maimakon haɗa kai tsaye zuwa na'ura mai juyi don haifar da wutar lantarki, ana cika flakes na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin rotor, ta yadda ƙaramin ƙarfe ya tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin asarar halin yanzu.
2) Motar aiki tare da AC
Rotor na injin ɗin daidaitawa ya bambanta da na injin asynchronous. Ana shigar da maganadisu na dindindin akan rotor, wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa nau'in da aka ɗora saman da kuma nau'in sakawa. An yi na'ura mai juyi da siliki karfe takardar, kuma magnet din din din yana kunshe. Har ila yau, an haɗa stator tare da madaidaicin halin yanzu tare da bambancin lokaci na 120, wanda ke sarrafa girman da lokaci na sine wave alternating current, ta yadda ma'aunin maganadisu da aka samar ya saba da wanda na'ura mai juyayi ya haifar, da kuma Magnetic. filin yana juyawa. Ta wannan hanyar, ana jan hankalin stator ta hanyar maganadisu kuma yana juyawa tare da rotor. Ana haifar da zagayowar bayan zagayowar ta hanyar stator da sharar rotor.
Kammalawa: Tuƙi don motocin lantarki ya zama babban abin al'ada, amma ba guda ɗaya bane amma ya bambanta. Kowane tsarin tuƙi yana da nasa ƙayyadaddun fihirisa. Ana amfani da kowane tsarin a cikin abin hawa lantarki da ake da shi. Yawancinsu injinan asynchronous ne da kuma na'urorin haɗin gwal na dindindin, yayin da wasu ke ƙoƙarin canza injinan rashin so. Yana da kyau a nuna cewa motar motsa jiki ta haɗu da fasahar lantarki ta lantarki, fasahar microelectronics, fasahar dijital, fasahar sarrafa atomatik, kimiyyar kayan aiki da sauran fannoni don yin la'akari da cikakken aikace-aikace da kuma ci gaban ci gaba na fannoni masu yawa. Mai fafatawa ne mai ƙarfi a cikin motocin motocin lantarki. Don mamaye wani wuri a cikin motocin lantarki na gaba, kowane nau'in injin yana buƙatar ba kawai don haɓaka tsarin injin ɗin ba, har ma don bincika abubuwan fasaha da dijital koyaushe na tsarin sarrafawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-30-2023
