Tsarin da ƙirar motar lantarki mai tsabta ya bambanta da ta gargajiya da ke tuƙi da injin ƙonewa na ciki. Hakanan injiniyan tsarin ne mai rikitarwa. Yana buƙatar haɗa fasahar batirin wutar lantarki, fasahar tuƙi, fasahar mota da ka'idar sarrafawa ta zamani don cimma ingantaccen tsarin sarrafawa. A cikin shirin haɓaka kimiyyar motoci da fasaha na lantarki, ƙasar ta ci gaba da bin tsarin bincike da haɓaka "uku a tsaye da uku a kwance", kuma ta ƙara haskaka binciken kan manyan fasahohin "uku a kwance" bisa ga dabarun canza fasaha na "tuƙi mai tsabta na lantarki", wato, binciken kan motar tuƙi da tsarin sarrafawa, batirin wutar lantarki da tsarin gudanarwa, da tsarin sarrafa motar tuƙi. Kowane babban masana'anta yana tsara dabarun haɓaka kasuwanci nasa bisa ga dabarun ci gaban ƙasa.
Marubucin ya tsara muhimman fasahohi a cikin tsarin haɓaka sabuwar hanyar samar da wutar lantarki, yana ba da tushe da kuma ma'ana a cikin ƙira, gwaji, da samar da hanyar samar da wutar lantarki. An raba shirin zuwa babi uku don nazarin mahimman fasahohin samar da wutar lantarki a cikin hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta motocin lantarki masu tsabta. A yau, za mu fara gabatar da ƙa'ida da rarrabuwar fasahar samar da wutar lantarki.
Siffa ta 1: Mahimman hanyoyin haɗi a cikin Ci gaban Motar Wutar Lantarki
A halin yanzu, manyan fasahohin fasahar samar da wutar lantarki ta motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki sun haɗa da waɗannan rukunoni huɗu:
Siffa ta 2 Babban Fasahohin Tsarin Wutar Lantarki
Ma'anar Tsarin Motar Tuki
Dangane da yanayin batirin wutar lantarki na abin hawa da buƙatun wutar lantarki na abin hawa, yana canza wutar lantarki ta hanyar na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta ajiya ta cikin jirgin zuwa makamashin inji, kuma ana aika makamashin zuwa ƙafafun tuƙi ta hanyar na'urar watsawa, kuma sassan makamashin injiniya na abin hawa ana mayar da su makamashin lantarki kuma ana mayar da su cikin na'urar adana makamashi lokacin da abin hawa ya birkice. Tsarin tuƙi na lantarki ya haɗa da mota, tsarin watsawa, mai sarrafa mota da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Tsarin sigogin fasaha na tsarin tuƙi na makamashin lantarki ya haɗa da ƙarfi, ƙarfin juyi, gudu, ƙarfin lantarki, rabon watsawa na ragewa, ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki, ƙarfin fitarwa, ƙarfin lantarki, halin yanzu, da sauransu.
1) Mai sarrafa mota
Ana kuma kiransa inverter, yana canza shigarwar wutar lantarki kai tsaye ta fakitin batirin wutar lantarki zuwa wutar lantarki mai canzawa.
◎ IGBT: maɓallin lantarki mai ƙarfi, ƙa'ida: ta hanyar mai sarrafawa, sarrafa hannun gadar IGBT don rufe wani takamaiman mita da maɓallin jeri don samar da canjin wutar lantarki mai matakai uku. Ta hanyar sarrafa maɓallin lantarki mai ƙarfi don rufewa, ana iya canza ƙarfin lantarki mai canzawa. Sannan ana samar da ƙarfin lantarki na AC ta hanyar sarrafa zagayowar aiki.
◎ Ƙarfin fim: aikin tacewa; firikwensin halin yanzu: gano yanayin naɗaɗɗen matakai uku.
2) Tsarin sarrafawa da tuƙi: allon sarrafa kwamfuta, tuƙi IGBT
Aikin mai kula da mota shine canza DC zuwa AC, karɓar kowace sigina, da kuma fitar da wutar lantarki da karfin juyi mai dacewa. Babban sassan: maɓallin lantarki mai ƙarfi, capacitor na fim, firikwensin lantarki, da'irar sarrafa tuƙi don buɗe maɓallai daban-daban, samar da kwararar lantarki a cikin kwatance daban-daban, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa. Saboda haka, za mu iya raba wutar lantarki mai canzawa ta sinusoidal zuwa murabba'i. Yankin murabba'ai ana canza shi zuwa ƙarfin lantarki mai tsayi iri ɗaya. Axis ɗin x yana gano ikon sarrafawa ta tsawon ta hanyar sarrafa zagayowar aiki, kuma a ƙarshe yana gano daidai canjin yankin. Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya sarrafa wutar DC don rufe hannun gadar IGBT a wani mita da kuma canjin jerin abubuwa ta hanyar mai sarrafawa don samar da wutar AC mai matakai uku.
A halin yanzu, muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin da'irar tuƙi sun dogara ne akan shigo da kaya daga waje: capacitors, bututun canza IGBT/MOSFET, DSP, guntu na lantarki da da'irori masu haɗawa, waɗanda za a iya samar da su daban-daban amma suna da rauni: da'irori na musamman, firikwensin, masu haɗawa, waɗanda za a iya samar da su daban-daban: samar da wutar lantarki, diodes, inductors, allunan da'ira masu yawa, wayoyi masu rufi, radiators.
3) Mota: canza wutar lantarki mai matakai uku zuwa injina
◎ Tsarin: murfin gaba da na baya, harsashi, shafts da bearings
◎ Da'irar maganadisu: core stator, rotor core
◎ Da'ira: na'urar juyawa ta stator, mai jagoran rotor
4) Na'urar Watsawa
Akwatin gear ko na'urar rage gudu tana canza saurin juyawar injin zuwa gudun da karfin juyawar da dukkan abin hawa ke buƙata.
Nau'in injin tuƙi
An raba injinan tuƙi zuwa rukuni huɗu masu zuwa. A halin yanzu, injinan AC induction da injinan magnet synchronous na dindindin sune nau'ikan sabbin motocin lantarki masu amfani da makamashi. Don haka muna mai da hankali kan fasahar injin AC induction da injin magnet synchronous na dindindin.
| Motar DC | Motar Shigar da AC | Motar Daidaita Magana ta Dindindin | Motar Canzawa Mai Sauyawa | |
| Riba | Ƙananan Farashi, Ƙananan buƙatun Tsarin Kulawa | Ƙarancin farashi, Faɗin wutar lantarki, Fasahar sarrafawa mai haɓaka, Babban aminci | Babban Ƙarfin Wuta, Babban inganci, ƙaramin girma | Tsarin Sauƙi, Ƙananan buƙatun Tsarin Sarrafa |
| Rashin amfani | Bukatun kulawa masu girma, Ƙaramin gudu, Ƙarancin ƙarfin juyi, gajeren rayuwa | Ƙaramin yanki mai inganci Ƙarancin Ƙarfin Wuta | Babban farashi mara kyau Rashin daidaita muhalli | Babban canjin karfin juyi Babban hayaniya mai aiki |
| Aikace-aikace | Ƙarami ko ƙaramin motar lantarki mai ƙarancin gudu | Motocin Motocin Kasuwanci na Lantarki da Fasinja | Motocin Motocin Kasuwanci na Lantarki da Fasinja | Motar da ke da ƙarfin gauraya |
1) Motar AC Induction Asynchronous
Ka'idar aiki na injin AC mai hana haɗuwa da na'urar AC ita ce na'urar za ta ratsa ta cikin ramin stator da rotor: an tara shi da siririn zanen ƙarfe mai ƙarfin maganadisu. Wutar lantarki mai matakai uku za ta ratsa ta cikin na'urar. A cewar dokar Faraday ta hanyar lantarki, za a samar da filin maganadisu mai juyawa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa rotor ke juyawa. Ana haɗa na'urori uku na stator a tazara ta digiri 120, kuma mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki yana samar da filayen maganadisu a kusa da su. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki mai matakai uku ga wannan tsari na musamman, filayen maganadisu za su canza ta hanyoyi daban-daban tare da canjin wutar lantarki mai canzawa a wani takamaiman lokaci, suna samar da filin maganadisu tare da ƙarfin juyawa iri ɗaya. Saurin juyawa na filin maganadisu ana kiransa saurin daidaitawa. A ce an sanya mai jagora a ciki, bisa ga dokar Faraday, saboda filin maganadisu yana canzawa, madauki zai ji ƙarfin lantarki, wanda zai samar da wutar lantarki a cikin madauki. Wannan yanayin kamar madauki ne mai ɗaukar wutar lantarki a cikin filin maganadisu, yana samar da ƙarfin lantarki akan madauki, kuma Huan Jiang ya fara juyawa. Ta amfani da wani abu makamancin kejin squirrel, wutar lantarki mai matakai uku za ta samar da filin maganadisu mai juyawa ta cikin stator, kuma za a haifar da wutar a cikin sandar kejin squirrel da zoben ƙarshe ya rage, don haka rotor ya fara juyawa, shi ya sa ake kiran motar da injin induction. Tare da taimakon induction na lantarki maimakon a haɗa kai tsaye da rotor don haifar da wutar lantarki, ana cika flakes ɗin ƙarfe masu rufewa a cikin rotor, don ƙaramin ƙarfe ya tabbatar da ƙarancin asarar wutar lantarki.
2) Motar AC mai aiki tare
Rotor na injin synchronous ya bambanta da na injin asynchronous. Ana sanya magnet na dindindin akan rotor, wanda za'a iya raba shi zuwa nau'in da aka ɗora a saman da nau'in da aka saka. Rotor an yi shi da takardar ƙarfe na silicon, kuma magnet na dindindin an saka shi. Stator ɗin kuma an haɗa shi da wani canjin yanayi mai bambanci na 120, wanda ke sarrafa girma da matakin canjin yanayi na sine wave, don haka filin maganadisu da stator ya samar ya saba da wanda rotor ya samar, kuma filin maganadisu yana juyawa. Ta wannan hanyar, magnet yana jan hankalin stator kuma yana juyawa tare da rotor. Ana samar da zagaye bayan zagaye ta hanyar stator da rotor.
Kammalawa: Motar da ake amfani da ita don motocin lantarki ta zama ruwan dare, amma ba ɗaya ba ce amma ta bambanta. Kowane tsarin tuƙi yana da nasa tsarin cikakken bayani. Ana amfani da kowane tsarin a cikin tuƙi na motocin lantarki da ke akwai. Yawancinsu injinan asynchronous ne da injinan magnet synchronous na dindindin, yayin da wasu ke ƙoƙarin canza injinan rashin son rai. Yana da kyau a nuna cewa tuƙi yana haɗa fasahar lantarki mai ƙarfi, fasahar microelectronics, fasahar dijital, fasahar sarrafawa ta atomatik, kimiyyar kayan aiki da sauran fannoni don nuna cikakkiyar damar amfani da ci gaban fannoni daban-daban. Yana da ƙarfi a cikin injinan motocin lantarki. Domin ya mamaye wani matsayi a cikin motocin lantarki na gaba, kowane nau'in injina ba wai kawai yana buƙatar inganta tsarin motar ba, har ma da ci gaba da bincika fannoni masu hankali da na dijital na tsarin sarrafawa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-30-2023
