A ƙarƙashin tsarin gargajiya na 400V, maganadisu na dindindininjunasuna iya fuskantar dumama da rushewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin wutar lantarki mai yawa da kuma saurin gudu mai yawa, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama da wahala a inganta ƙarfin motar gaba ɗaya. Wannan yana ba da dama ga tsarin 800V don cimma ƙaruwar ƙarfin motar a ƙarƙashin irin ƙarfin wutar lantarki iri ɗaya. A ƙarƙashin tsarin 800V,injinYana fuskantar manyan buƙatu guda biyu: ɗaukar rigakafin tsatsa da kuma inganta aikin rufin.
Salon Hanyar Fasaha:
Hanyar aiwatar da naɗewar mota: waya mai faɗi. Motar waya mai faɗi tana nufininjinwanda ke amfani da stator mai lanƙwasa mai lanƙwasa na jan ƙarfe (musamman injin haɗakar maganadisu na dindindin). Idan aka kwatanta da motar waya mai zagaye, motar waya mai lebur tana da fa'idodi kamar ƙaramin girma, babban adadin cike ramin rami, babban yawan ƙarfi, kyakkyawan aikin NVH, da ingantaccen aikin watsa zafi da kuma watsa zafi. Zai iya biyan buƙatun aiki na sauƙi, yawan ƙarfi, da sauran buƙatun aiki a ƙarƙashin manyan dandamali na wutar lantarki. A lokaci guda, zai iya rage matsalar lalata bearing da ke haifar da lalacewar fim ɗin mai da samuwar wutar shaft lokacin da ƙarfin shaft ɗin ya yi yawa.
1. Yanayin fasahar sanyaya mota: sanyaya mai. Sanyaya mai yana magance rashin amfanin fasahar sanyaya ruwa ta hanyar rage yawan injin da kuma ƙara ƙarfi. Fa'idar sanyaya mai ita ce man yana da kaddarorin da ba sa aiki da kuma waɗanda ba sa maganadisu, ingantaccen aikin kariya, kuma yana iya tuntuɓar sassan ciki na motar kai tsaye. A ƙarƙashin irin wannan yanayin aiki, yanayin zafi na ciki na man ya sanyaya.injunasun yi ƙasa da kusan kashi 15% fiye da na ruwan da aka sanyayainjuna, yana sauƙaƙa wa injin ya kawar da zafi.
Ikon wutar lantarki: mafita ta madadin SiC, yana nuna fa'idodin aiki
Inganta inganci, rage amfani da wutar lantarki, da kuma rage yawan amfani. Tare da ci gaban dandamalin aiki mai ƙarfi na 800V don batura, an gabatar da ƙarin buƙatu ga abubuwan da suka shafi tuƙi na lantarki da sarrafa lantarki.
A cewar bayanai daga Fodie Power, na'urorin silicon carbide suna da fa'idodi masu zuwa a cikin amfani da samfuran sarrafa mota:
1. Zai iya inganta ingancin ƙananan kaya a cikin tsarin sarrafa lantarki, yana ƙara yawan abin hawa da kashi 5-10%;
2. Ƙara yawan ƙarfin na'urar sarrafawa daga 18kw/L zuwa 45kw/L, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage ƙarfin na'urar;
3. Ƙara ingancin yankin mai inganci wanda ya kai kashi 85% da kashi 6%, da kuma ƙara ingancin yankin matsakaici da ƙarancin kaya da kashi 10%.
4. Yawan samfurin sarrafa lantarki na silicon carbide ya ragu da kashi 40%, wanda zai iya inganta amfani da sararin samaniya yadda ya kamata kuma ya taimaka wajen haɓaka yanayin rage girmansa.
Lissafin sararin sarrafa wutar lantarki: Girman kasuwa na iya kaiwa yuan biliyan 2.5,
CAGR na shekaru uku 189.9%
Don lissafin sarari na mai sarrafa motar a ƙarƙashin samfurin motar 800V, muna ɗauka cewa:
1. Sabuwar motar makamashi a ƙarƙashin wani dandamali mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi tana da saitin masu sarrafa motoci ko kuma haɗakar tuƙi ta lantarki;
2. Darajar mota ɗaya: Dangane da kudaden shiga/tallace-tallacen kayayyakin da suka dace da aka sanar a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara na Intel na 2021, ƙimar ita ce yuan 1141.29/saiti. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa yaɗuwa da haɓaka na'urorin silicon carbide a fannin kayayyakin sarrafa lantarki a nan gaba zai haifar da ƙaruwar darajar na'urorin, muna ɗauka cewa farashin na'urar zai kasance yuan 1145/saiti a 2022 kuma zai ƙaru kowace shekara.
A bisa kididdigar da muka yi, a shekarar 2025, kasuwar cikin gida da ta duniya ga masu sarrafa wutar lantarki a kan dandamalin 800V za ta kasance yuan biliyan 1.154 da yuan biliyan 2.486, bi da bi. CAGR na shekaru 22-25 zai kasance 172.02% da 189.98%.
Samar da wutar lantarki ta abin hawa: Aikace-aikacen na'urar SiC, yana tallafawa ci gaban 800V
Dangane da inganta aikin samfur: Idan aka kwatanta da bututun silicon MOS na gargajiya, bututun MOS na silicon carbide suna da kyawawan halaye kamar ƙarancin juriya ga watsawa, juriya ga ƙarfin lantarki mai girma, kyawawan halaye masu yawan mita, juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, da ƙaramin ƙarfin haɗuwa. Idan aka kwatanta da samfuran samar da wutar lantarki na abin hawa (OBC) waɗanda aka sanye da na'urori masu tushen Si, yana iya ƙara yawan sauyawa, rage girma, rage nauyi, inganta yawan wutar lantarki, da ƙara inganci. Misali, mitar sauyawa ta ƙaru da sau 4-5; Rage girma da kusan sau 2; Rage nauyi da sau 2; An ƙara yawan wutar lantarki daga 2.1 zuwa 3.3kw/L; Inganta inganci da kashi 3%+.
Amfani da na'urorin SiC zai iya taimakawa samfuran wutar lantarki na mota su bi ka'idoji kamar yawan wutar lantarki mai yawa, ingantaccen juyi mai yawa, da rage nauyi mai sauƙi, da kuma daidaita buƙatun caji cikin sauri da haɓaka dandamali na 800V. Aikace-aikacen na'urorin wutar lantarki na SiC a DC/DC kuma na iya haifar da juriya mai yawa ga na'urorin, ƙarancin asara, da kuma nauyi mai sauƙi.
Dangane da ƙirƙirar ci gaban kasuwa: Domin daidaitawa da tarin caji mai sauri na 400V DC na gargajiya, dole ne a sanya wa motocin da ke da dandamalin ƙarfin lantarki na 800V ƙarin na'urar canza wutar lantarki ta DC/DC don haɓaka 400V zuwa 800V don cajin batirin wutar lantarki na DC cikin sauri, wanda hakan ke ƙara buƙatar na'urorin DC/DC. A lokaci guda, dandamalin ƙarfin lantarki mai girma ya kuma haɓaka haɓaka na'urorin caji na cikin jirgi, yana kawo sabbin ƙari ga na'urorin OBC masu ƙarfin lantarki mai girma.
Lissafin Sararin Samar da Wutar Lantarki na Motoci: Sama da yuan biliyan 3 a sararin samaniya cikin shekaru 25, wanda ya ninka CAGR cikin shekaru 22-25
Don lissafin sararin samaniya na samfurin samar da wutar lantarki na abin hawa (DC/DC converter & caja na abin hawa OBC) a ƙarƙashin samfurin abin hawa na 800V, muna ɗauka cewa:
Sabuwar motar makamashi tana da saitin na'urorin canza wutar lantarki na DC/DC da kuma na'urar caji ta ciki OBC ko kuma na'urar haɗa wutar lantarki ta ciki;
Sararin Kasuwa don Kayayyakin Wutar Lantarki na Mota=Sayar da Sabbin Motocin Makamashi × Darajar kowane abin hawa na samfurin da ya dace;
Darajar mota ɗaya: Dangane da yawan kuɗin shiga/tallace-tallace na samfurin da ya dace a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara na Xinrui Technology na 2021. Daga cikinsu, na'urar canza DC/DC ita ce yuan 1589.68 a kowace mota; OBC da ke cikin motar ita ce yuan 2029.32 a kowace mota.
A bisa kididdigar da muka yi, a karkashin tsarin 800V a shekarar 2025, kasuwar cikin gida da ta duniya ga masu sauya DC/DC za ta kasance yuan biliyan 1.588 da yuan biliyan 3.422, bi da bi, tare da CAGR na 170.94% da 188.83% daga 2022 zuwa 2025; Filin kasuwar cikin gida da ta duniya ga masu caji na OBC shine yuan biliyan 2.027 da yuan biliyan 4.369, bi da bi, tare da CAGR na 170.94% da 188.83% daga 2022 zuwa 2025.
Relay: Ƙara farashin girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa
Relay DC mai ƙarfin lantarki shine babban ɓangaren sabbin motocin makamashi, tare da amfani da mota ɗaya na 5-8. Relay DC mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki bawul ne na aminci ga sabbin motocin makamashi, wanda ke shiga yanayin da aka haɗa yayin aikin abin hawa kuma zai iya raba tsarin adana makamashi daga tsarin lantarki idan abin hawa ya lalace. A halin yanzu, sabbin motocin makamashi suna buƙatar a sanya musu relay DC mai ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki 5-8 (gami da relay 1-2 don sauya da'irar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki cikin gaggawa idan hatsari ko rashin daidaituwar da'ira; 1 caja kafin a raba nauyin tasirin babban relay; 1-2 caja masu sauri don ware babban ƙarfin lantarki idan akwai rashin daidaituwar da'ira; 1-2 na relay na yau da kullun; da 1 na'urar taimakon tsarin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin lantarki).
Lissafin sararin watsawa: Yuan biliyan 3 a sararin samaniya cikin shekaru 25, tare da CAGR ya wuce sau 2 a cikin shekaru 22-25
Domin ƙididdige sararin relay ɗin a ƙarƙashin samfurin abin hawa na 800V, muna ɗauka cewa:
Sabbin motocin makamashi masu ƙarfin lantarki suna buƙatar a sanya musu relay 5-8, don haka mun zaɓi matsakaici, tare da buƙatar mota ɗaya ta 6;
2. Idan aka yi la'akari da karuwar darajar relay DC a kowace mota saboda haɓaka dandamalin relay mai ƙarfin lantarki a nan gaba, za mu ɗauka cewa farashin raka'a na yuan 200 a kowace raka'a a shekarar 2022 kuma za mu ƙara shi kowace shekara;
A bisa ga lissafinmu, kasuwar relay DC mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa akan dandamalin 800V a cikin 2025 ta kusa da yuan biliyan 3, tare da CAGR na 202.6%.
Na'urorin ɗaukar fim masu bakin ciki: zaɓi na farko a fannin sabon makamashi
Filayen siriri sun zama madadin da aka fi so fiye da electrolysis a fagen sabon makamashi. Babban ɓangaren tsarin sarrafa lantarki na sabbin motocin makamashi shine inverter. Idan canjin ƙarfin lantarki akan sandar bas ya wuce iyakar da aka yarda, zai haifar da lalacewa ga IGBT. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a yi amfani da capacitors don sassauta da tace ƙarfin fitarwa na rectifier, da kuma sha ƙarfin bugun jini mai girma. A fannin inverter, capacitors masu ƙarfin juriyar ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi, aminci mai yawa, tsawon rai, da juriya mai zafi yawanci ana buƙatar su. Siraran capacitors na fim na iya cika buƙatun da ke sama mafi kyau, wanda hakan ya sa su zama zaɓi mafi kyau a fagen sabon makamashi.
Amfani da motoci guda ɗaya yana ƙaruwa a hankali, kuma buƙatar na'urorin ɗaukar siraran fim za su fi girma fiye da yadda ake samu a masana'antar kera motoci masu amfani da makamashi. Bukatar sabbin na'urorin ɗaukar siraran motoci masu amfani da makamashi mai ƙarfi ta ƙaru, yayin da manyan motocin lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki waɗanda ke da ƙarfin caji mai sauri gabaɗaya suna buƙatar a sanya musu na'urorin ɗaukar siraran fim guda 2-4. Kayayyakin na'urorin ɗaukar siraran fim za su fuskanci buƙata mafi girma fiye da sabbin motocin ɗaukar siraran.
Bukatar na'urorin ɗaukar siraran fim: Cajin wutar lantarki mai sauri yana kawo sabon ci gaba, tare da AGR na 189.2% na tsawon shekaru 22-25
Don lissafin sararin samaniya na ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki a ƙarƙashin samfurin abin hawa na 800V, muna ɗauka cewa:
1. Farashin ƙananan capacitors ya bambanta dangane da nau'ikan motoci daban-daban da ƙarfin mota. Mafi girman ƙarfin, mafi girman ƙimar, kuma daidai farashin ya fi girma. Idan aka yi la'akari da matsakaicin farashin yuan 300;
2. Bukatar sabbin motocin makamashi masu caji mai sauri shine raka'a 2-4 a kowace raka'a, kuma muna ɗaukar matsakaicin buƙata ta raka'a 3 a kowace raka'a.
A bisa lissafinmu, sararin capacitor na fim da samfurin caji mai sauri na 800V ya kawo a shekarar 2025 shine yuan biliyan 1.937, tare da CAGR = 189.2%
Masu haɗin wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi: inganta amfani da aiki
Masu haɗa ƙarfin lantarki masu ƙarfi kamar jijiyoyin jini ne a jikin ɗan adam, aikinsu shine ci gaba da aika makamashi daga tsarin batirin zuwa ga tsarin daban-daban.
Dangane da yawan amfani. A halin yanzu, tsarin tsarin ababen hawa gaba ɗaya har yanzu yana kan tushen 400V. Domin biyan buƙatar caji mai sauri na 800V, ana buƙatar na'urar canza wutar lantarki ta DC/DC daga 800V zuwa 400V, ta haka ne za a ƙara yawan masu haɗawa. Saboda haka, za a inganta haɗin ASP mai ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa na sabbin motocin makamashi a ƙarƙashin tsarin 800V sosai. Mun kiyasta cewa ƙimar mota ɗaya ta kai kusan yuan 3000 (motocin gargajiya masu amfani da mai suna da darajar kusan yuan 1000).
Dangane da fasaha. Bukatun masu haɗawa a cikin tsarin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi sun haɗa da:
1. Yana da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa da kuma ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa;
2. Aiwatar da manyan ayyukan kariya a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na aiki;
Yana da kyakkyawan aikin kariyar lantarki. Saboda haka, domin biyan buƙatun aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin 800V, sake fasalin fasahar haɗin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ba makawa ne.
Fuses: Ƙara yawan shigar sabbin fuses
Fuses su ne "fuses" na sabbin motocin makamashi. Fuse na'urar lantarki ce wadda, idan wutar lantarki a cikin tsarin ta wuce ƙimar da aka ƙayyade, zafin da ake samarwa zai haɗa narkewar, wanda zai cimma manufar katse wutar lantarki.
Yawan shigar sabbin fiyutocin ya ƙaru. Fiyutocin tayar da hankali suna tasowa ne ta hanyar siginar lantarki don kunna na'urar tayar da hankali, wanda hakan ke ba shi damar fitar da makamashin da aka adana. Ta hanyar ƙarfin injiniya, yana haifar da karyewa cikin sauri kuma yana kammala kashe babban kwararar matsala, ta haka yana yanke wutar lantarki da kuma cimma aikin kariya. Idan aka kwatanta da fiyutocin gargajiya, mai ƙarfin tayar da hankali yana da halaye na ƙaramin girma, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙarfin ɗaukar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, juriya ga manyan girgizar wutar lantarki, aiki mai sauri, da lokacin kariya mai sarrafawa, wanda hakan ya sa ya fi dacewa da tsarin wutar lantarki mai girma. A ƙarƙashin yanayin tsarin 800V, ƙimar shigar fiyunonin ƙarfafawa a kasuwa zai ƙaru da sauri, kuma ana sa ran darajar mota ɗaya za ta kai yuan 250.
Lissafin sarari don fis da masu haɗin wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi: CAGR=189.2% daga shekaru 22 zuwa 25
Don lissafin sararin samaniya na fis da masu haɗin wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin samfurin abin hawa na 800V, muna ɗauka cewa:
1. Darajar mota ɗaya ta masu haɗa manyan ƙarfin lantarki kusan yuan 3000 ne a kowace mota;
2. Darajar motar fis ɗin mota ɗaya ta kai kimanin yuan 250 a kowace mota;
A bisa lissafinmu, kasuwar masu haɗa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da fiyus da samfurin caji mai sauri na 800V ya kawo a shekarar 2025 shine yuan biliyan 6.458 da yuan miliyan 538, bi da bi, tare da CAGR = 189.2%
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-10-2023
